Each chapter starts with a beautiful ‘cover’ of two pages, after which is a short paragraph containing general information. The book is divided in 15 chapters, prefaced by a foreword and introduction, and closed by some small sections on the main fossil sites and a glossary. But what makes it stand out from the crowd? Many take the form of an encyclopaedia, and Parker’s ‘Dinosaurus’ is just such a book. The resultant stream of scientific publications in professional journals has been matched by an increase of semi-scientific and popular books, translating the scientific jargon in understandable prose. Many new fossils from famous sites, such as the Chinese Jehol Group (western Liaoning, northern Hebei and souteastern Inner Mongolia), together with a general increase in research, has greatly increased our knowledge on these and other extinct animals.
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The Triops group is found on every continent except for Antarctica. For example, the Mini has an old design that is still selling, but newly made Minis have electronic windows, GPS and airbags: in that sense, they are still 'evolving', they are not unchanged but most of the change has been 'under the hood' rather than external." "Living fossils evolve like any other organism, they just happen to have a good body plan that has survived the test of time," study lead author Africa Gómez, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Hull in England, said in a statement at the time. That would mean Triops cancriformis had survived to the present day from the Triassic period (about 252 million to 201 million years ago) when dinosaurs first emerged - hence the name "dinosaur shrimp." However, a 2013 study of Triops DNA published in the journal PeerJ found that the current species evolved within the last 25 million years. Scientists used to consider one Triops species, Triops cancriformis, as being the same animal seen in 250 million-year-old fossils. As a consequence, the bulk of the United Kingdom’s military remains focused on Europe and the Atlantic. The integrated defense review identified NATO as Britain’s main defense effort and Russia as its main adversary. This article examines the Royal Navy’s options and considers tasking, threat assessment, and basing options, before it makes the case that, at this specific moment in time, a frigate is not an appropriate option for the Indo-Pacific. For a middle power, strategic messaging is the most important consideration. As a middle power (albeit one with a blue-water navy) Britain’s strategy is more modest than that of the United States and, therefore, its approach should also be different. While a small presence may signal weakness or vulnerability for a superpower navy such as that of the United States, Britain’s role on the international scene is different. Each new maritime task needs to be judged on its own merits considering its objectives and operating environment. But using a frigate, the work horse of the fleet, for all overseas tasking is akin to using a sledgehammer to crack a nut. Given the region’s sheer size and the growing menace of China within the South China Sea, some argue that a frigate is a better platform for this role. Why is the Royal Navy sending two of its smallest warships to the world’s largest ocean? The First Sea Lord’s announcement of the Royal Navy’s intention to forward deploy two offshore patrol vessels to the Indo-Pacific has been met with skepticism. |
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